비누와 소독제 중에 어느게 더 나을까? Which is better , soap or hand sanitizer- Ted talks.

비누와 소독제 중에 어느게 더 나을까? Which is better , soap or hand sanitizer- Ted talks.

<Which is better , soap or hand sanitizer>

-  비누와 소독제 중에 어느게 더 나을까? ; Ted talks.

Your hands, up close, are anything but smooth.

With peaks and valleys, folds and rifts, there are plenty of hiding places for a virus to stick.

If you then touch your face, the virus can infect you.

But there are two extraordinarily simple ways you can keep that from happening:

soap and water, and hand sanitizer.

So which is better?

여러분 손을 자세히 들여다보면 전혀 매끄럽지 않습니다. 

봉우리와 골짜기, 접힌 부분과 갈라진 부분들은 바이러스가 딱 달라붙어 숨어 지내기 좋은 장소죠. 

그러다 얼굴을 만지면 바이러스에 감염될 수 있는 거예요. 하지만 감염을 막을 수 있는 아주 간단한 방법 두 가지가 있습니다. 바로 비누와 물, 그리고 손 세정제예요. 

그러면 어떤 것이 더 나을까요? 

The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is one of many viruses whose protective outer surface is made of a lipid bilayer.

These lipids are pin shaped molecules whose heads are attracted to water, and tails are repulsed by it.

So in water-rich environments, lipids naturally form a shell like this, with the heads outside and the tails inside.

Their shared reaction to water makes the lipids stick loosely together— this is called the hydrophobic effect.

This outer structure helps the molecular machinery of the virus break through cellular membranes and hijack our cells.But it has thousands upon thousands of weak points where the right molecules could pry it apart.

코로나 19를 일으키는 코로나 바이러스는 보호 외부 표면이 지질 이중층으로 만들어진 바이러스 중 하나예요. 이 지질은 핀 모양의 분자들인데 머리 부분은 물에 끌리고 꼬리 부분은 물에서 밀려납니다. 따라서 물이 풍부한 환경에서 지질은 자연히 이런 외피를 형성하게 되는데 머리는 바깥 쪽이고 꼬리는 안으로 향하는 모습이죠. 물에 대한 이런 반응은 지질들끼리 느슨하게 들러붙게 하는데 이걸 소수성 효과라고 부릅니다. 이런 외부 구조는 바이러스 분자가 세포막을 뚫고 우리 세포를 장악할 수 있게 합니다. 하지만 이 바이러스 분자는 수많은 약점이 있어서 알맞은 분자를 사용해 이걸 갈라놓을 수 있습니다.

And this is where soap comes in.

A single drop of any brand of soap contains quadrillions of molecules called amphiphiles, which resemble biological lipids.

Their tails, which are similarly repulsed by water, compete for space with the lipids that make up the virus’s shell.

But they’re just different enough to break up the regularity of the virus’s membrane, making the whole thing come crashing down.

Those amphiphiles then form bubbles of their own around particles including the virus’s RNA and proteins.

Apply water, and you’ll wash that whole bubble away.

여기서 비누가 역할을 하는 거죠. 비누 한 방울에는 천조 개나 되는 생물학적 지질과 유사한 양친매성 물질 분자가 들어 있습니다. 그 분자들의 꼬리도 비슷하게 물에서 밀려나는데 바이러스의 외막을 형성하는 지질과 자리싸움을 하게 되죠. 하지만 이 전혀 다른 분자들 때문에 바이러스 막의 균질성이 깨지고 모든 것이 무너지게 됩니다. 그러고 나서 이 양친매성 분자는 거품을 형성해서 바이러스의 RNA와 단백질 같은 입자를 둘러쌉니다. 그러면 물로 그 거품을 씻어내는 거죠. 

Hand sanitizers work less like a crowbar, and more like an earthquake.

When you surround a coronavirus with water, the hydrophobic effect gives the bonds within the membrane their strength. That same effect also holds the big proteins that form coronavirus’s spikes in place and in the shape that enables them to infect your cells.

If you dry the virus out in air, it keeps its stability. But now surround it with a high concentration of an alcohol, like the ethanol or isopropanol found in most hand-sanitizers.

This makes the hydrophobic effect disappear, and gives the molecules room to move around.

The overall effect is like removing all of the nails and mortar from a house and then hitting it with an earthquake.

The cell’s membrane collapses and those spike proteins crumble.

손 세정제는 지렛대라기보다 지진처럼 작용합니다. 코로나 바이러스를 물로 에워싸면 소수성 효과는 막 내의 결합을 강화시킵니다. 이 효과는 코로나 바이러스의 뾰족한 가시를 이루는 단백질을 제자리에 붙들고 우리 세포에 침투할 수 있는 모양으로 만들어주죠. 바이러스를 공기 중에서 말리면 바이러스의 안정성이 유지됩니다. 하지만 바이러스를 고농도 알코올로 에워싸봅시다. 대부분의 손 세정제에 포함된 에탄올이나 이소프로판올 같은 알코올이요. 이건 곧 소수성 효과를 사라지게 하고 분자가 움직일 수 있는 틈을 만들죠. 전반적인 효과는 집에서 못과 시멘트를 빼내고 지진으로 흔드는 것과 같아요. 바이러스 세포의 막은 무너지고 뾰족한 단백질은 부서집니다. 

In either method, the actual process of destroying the virus happens in just a second or two.

But doctors recommend at least 20 seconds of hand-washing because of the intricate landscape that is your hand.

Soap and sanitizer need to get everywhere, including your palms, fingertips,

the outsides of your hands, and between your fingers, to protect you properly.

이 두 가지 방법 모두 바이러스를 파괴하는 과정은 단 1, 2 초 안에 일어납니다. 하지만 의사들은 적어도 20 초간 손을 씻을 것을 권장합니다. 우리 손의 복잡한 표면 때문에요. 비누와 손 세정제를 손바닥, 손가락, 손등, 그리고 손가락 사이에 구석구석 묻혀 손을 닦아야 우리를 지키는 제 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 

And when it comes to a coronavirus outbreak,

doctors recommend washing your hands with soap and water whenever possible.

Even though both approaches are similarly effective at killing the virus, soap and water has two benefits:

first it washes away any dirt which could otherwise hide virus particles. 

But more importantly, it’s simply easier to fully cover your hands with soap and water for 20 seconds.

Of course, hand sanitizer is more convenient to use on the go.

In the absence of a sink, use the sanitizer as thoroughly as possible and rub your hands together until they’re dry.

코로나 바이러스에 관한 한 의사들은 물과 비누로 가능한 한 자주 씻기를 권장합니다. 두 가지 방법 모두 바이러스를 죽이는 데에 비슷하게 효과가 있지만 물과 비누를 사용하는 데에는 두 가지 장점이 있습니다. 첫 번째는 바이러스가 숨을 수 있는 먼지 입자를 씻어낼 수 있습니다. 하지만 더 중요한 건 손 구석구석을 물과 비누로 20초 동안 씻는 게 더 쉽다는 점이죠. 손 세정제는 야외에서 사용하기 편리합니다. 수돗물이 없을 때 손 세정제를 최대한 꼼꼼히 바르고 마를 때까지 손을 비벼주세요. 

Unfortunately, there are billions of people who don’t have access to clean drinking water,

which is a huge problem at any time but especially during an outbreak.

Researchers and aid groups are working to provide solutions for these communities.

One example is a device that uses salt, water, and a car battery to make chlorinated water that kills harmful pathogens and is safe for hand-washing.

불행히도 수십억 명의 사람들은 깨끗한 식수를 구할 수 없는 환경에 있고 이건 평소에도 큰 문제지만 특히 전염병이 돌 때에는 더욱 그렇습니다. 연구자들과 구호 단체들은 이런 지역에 해결책을 주기 위해 노력 중입니다. 한 가지 예로는 소금, 물, 그리고 자동차 배터리를 이용해 염소 처리된 물을 만드는 장치인데 해로운 병원균을 죽이고 손 씻기에 안전한 물을 만들죠. 

So wherever possible, soap and water are recommended for a coronavirus, but does that mean it's best for every viral outbreak?

Not necessarily.

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid

instead of a lipid membrane.

The capsid doesn't have nearly as many weak points where soap amphiphiles can pry it apart,

so it takes longer for soap to be effective.

However some of its surface proteins are still vulnerable to the destabilizing effect of hand sanitizer.

In this and similar cases, hand sanitizer may be more effective, especially if you then wash your hands to remove residual particles.

The best way to know which to use for any given outbreak is to do what's best for all things illness-related:

follow the advice of accredited medical professionals.

되도록이면 코로나 바이러스 예방에 물과 비누를 권장한다고 했는데요. 하지만 이 방법이 모든 바이러스 유행 예방에 가장 좋은 방법일까요? 꼭 그렇지만은 않습니다. 보통 감기들 대부분은 라이노바이러스로 발생하는데 캡시드라고 불리는 기하학적 단백질 구조를 가지고 있습니다. 지질 막 대신에요. 캡시드는 약점이 그리 많지 않아서 비누의 양친매성 분자가 갈라놓기 어려워요. 그래서 비누가 효과를 보려면 더 오래 걸립니다. 하지만 표면 단백질 일부는 손 세정제의 불안정화 효과에 취약합니다. 이 경우와 유사한 경우에는 손 세정제가 더 효과적일 수도 있죠. 특히 그다음에 손을 씻어서 잔여 입자를 제거하면 더욱 좋습니다. 유행병 예방에 어떤 것을 사용해야 하는지를 아는 가장 좋은 방법은 질병과 관련된 모든 것을 대하는 가장 좋은 방법과 같습니다. 바로 믿을 수 있는 의료 전문가의 충고를 따르는 것입니다. 

*출처:

https://www.ted.com/talks/alex_rosenthal_and_pall_thordarson_which_is_better_soap_or_hand_sanitizer/transcript#t-85678